Pengaruh Inflasi dan Karakteristik Perusahaan terhadap Underpricing IPO: Peran Moderasi Reputasi Underwriter
Keywords:
inflasi, karakteristik perusahaan, reputasi underwriter, teori sinyal, unperpricingAbstract
Studi ini mengkaji dampak faktor makroekonomi dan faktor spesifik perusahaan terhadap underpricing IPO di Indonesia, dengan fokus khusus pada inflasi dan peran moderasi reputasi underwriter. Berpijak pada teori sinyal (Spence, 1978), penelitian ini menyelidiki apakah inflasi, usia perusahaan, ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, dan likuiditas memengaruhi underpricing pada IPO yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode 2020–2023. Studi ini juga menguji apakah reputasi underwriter memperkuat atau memperlemah hubungan tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan analisis regresi linier berganda, hasil menunjukkan bahwa inflasi secara signifikan meningkatkan underpricing, sementara karakteristik spesifik perusahaan seperti usia, ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, dan likuiditas tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Lebih lanjut, reputasi underwriter tidak memoderasi hubungan antara inflasi atau karakteristik perusahaan dan underpricing. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme pensinyalan klasik mungkin memiliki daya penjelasan yang terbatas dalam konteks IPO di Indonesia, di mana perilaku investor kemungkinan besar lebih dibentuk oleh perilaku keuangan, tren industri, dan dinamika pasar jangka pendek. Studi ini menyiratkan perlunya model teoretis yang lebih kontekstual yang mencerminkan karakteristik pasar modal negara berkembang. Secara praktis, penelitian ini menyarankan investor untuk mengevaluasi IPO di luar metrik dasar, mendorong perusahaan penerbit untuk meningkatkan keterbukaan informasi, dan mendesak regulator seperti OJK dan BEI untuk meningkatkan transparansi pasar dan edukasi investor. Penelitian selanjutnya sebaiknya mempertimbangkan variabel alternatif seperti tata kelola perusahaan, sentimen pasar, atau kepercayaan investor untuk lebih menangkap dinamika underpricing IPO di Indonesia.
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